A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 827026-45-9, Name is 3-(4-Nitro-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione, molecular formula is C13H11N3O5. In an article, author is Borrero Landazabal, Mayra A.,once mentioned of 827026-45-9, Application In Synthesis of 3-(4-Nitro-1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)piperidine-2,6-dione.
Alterations of mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative stress induced by alkaloid-like alpha-aminonitriles on Aedes aegypti larvae
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are responsible for dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus transmission in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. Due to the absence of vaccines or antiviral drugs for human treatment, the majority of control strategies are targeted at Ae. aegypti elimination. Our research on mosquito control insecticidal agents has previously shown that the alkaloid girgensohnine and its analogues (alpha-aminonitriles) present in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition and in vivo insecticidal activity against Ae. aegypti. However, acetylcholinesterase inhibition may not be the only mechanism of action behind these effects. On this basis, the principal aim of this study was to elucidate the possible action mode of four alpha-aminonitriles on Ae. aegypti by studying other important enzymatic targets, such as mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, key oxidative stress enzymes. Mitochondria were isolated from Ae. aegypti larvae by differential centrifugation, stored at -70 degrees C, and fragmented using ultrasound for 10 min. The effects of alpha-aminonitriles (1 to 4) over enzymatic activities were evaluated using concentrations of 8 nM, 2 mu M, 8 mu M, and 40 mu M. Results indicated that a-aminonitriles caused significant NADH dehydrogenase and succinate oxidase inhibition (similar to 44% at the highest concentration tested). Succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase activities were found to increase (162% and 106% at 40 mu M, respectively). It was also observed that these compounds produced catalase inhibition and thus prevented H2O2 reduction, which induced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, NBT assay showed that compounds 3 and 4 (with 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl) acetonitrile as substituent) increased by approximately 50% the O-2(center dot-). concentration in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It was concluded that the tested compounds act as complex I inhibitors by blocking electron transport and causing electron leak, possibly between complex I and III. Furthermore, a-aminonitriles inhibited catalase activity; compounds 1 and 2 (with piperidine fragment) inhibited glutathione reductase activity and further promoted the accumulation of ROS, which probably induced oxidative stress.
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Reference:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
,Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem