Intensified fish farming. Performance of electrochemical remediation of marine RAS waters was written by Santos, German;Ortiz-Gandara, Isabel;Del Castillo, Andres;Arruti, Axel;Gomez, Pedro;Ibanez, Raquel;Urtiaga, Ane;Ortiz, Inmaculada. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Safety of 4-Oxo-tempo This article mentions the following:
Aquaculture has been the fastest growing agricultural sector in the past few decades and currently supplies about half of the fish market. A range of environmental and management concerns including limited land and water availability have led to intensifying fish production by recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Fish鈥瞫 diet contains 30-60 % protein and about 4-10 % nitrogen (N). As fish assimilate only 20-30 % of the feed to produce body mass, the unassimilated N is released in the form of toxic ammonium that deteriorates water quality and compels its degradation Widely extended biol. nitrification is not efficient in the removal of nitrites nor other chems. and pharmaceuticals used during fish culture. Electrochem. oxidation, a less developed alternative, reports several advantages such as, i) simultaneous degradation of ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) and water disinfection in the same step with considerable simplification of the whole process, ii) easy adaptability to different production scales and periods of fish growth, and iii) no generation of harmful byproducts and no use of chems., among others. Besides, in the case of marine aquaculture, the technol. benefits from the high conductivity of seawater; thus, electrochem. oxidation is positioned in a very good place to satisfy the water treatment needs of the increasing production rate of marine aquaculture fish. Here, we report the anal. of the performance of a RAS demonstration plant aimed at farming gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and provided with electrochem. remediation of culture water. The performance of the plant, with 20 m3 of seawater operating at a recirculation rate of 0.9-1.4 h-1, has been analyzed in terms of TAN removal, water disinfection, make-up water intake and energy consumption and compared to data of conventional RAS provided with biofilters. The benefits and advantages of the innovative electrochem. remediation of RAS water are highlighted. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Oxo-tempo (cas: 2896-70-0Safety of 4-Oxo-tempo).
4-Oxo-tempo (cas: 2896-70-0) belongs to piperidine derivatives. Piperidine is a metabolite of cadaverine, a polyamine found in the human intestine. Industrially, piperidine is produced by the hydrogenation of pyridine, usually over a molybdenum disulfide catalyst. Pyridine can also be reduced to piperidine via a modified Birch reduction using sodium in ethanol.Safety of 4-Oxo-tempo
Referemce:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem