Synthetic Route of 2403-88-5, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 2403-88-5, Name is 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidinol, SMILES is CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)N1, belongs to piperidines compound. In a article, author is Sil, B. C., introduce new discover of the category.
Use of LC-MS analysis to elucidate by-products of niacinamide transformation following in vitro skin permeation studies
Objective To explore and elucidate the formation of niacinamide (NIA) by-products during in vitro skin permeation studies using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. MethodsResultsPorcine skin permeation studies of various NIA formulations were conducted using Franz diffusion cells for a period of 24 hours. NIA by-products were identified by LC, extracted and further qualitatively analysed by LC-MS. Analysis and characterisation of NIA by-products using LC-MS resulted in the identification of different molecular entities with similar structures to NIA. The most prevalent molecular specie in this study was 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxamide with the highest ion abundance. Other structural NIA analogues were also identified and reported, namely piperidine-3-carboxamide and 1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide. None of these NIA derivatives were detected in stability studies of NIA in the medium used as the receptor phase, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), that had not been in contact with skin. ConclusionResumeThe comparatively low recovery of NIA following in vitro mass-balance and permeation studies for pseudo-finite and finite dosing of the active compared with infinite dosing is attributed to chemical derivatisation of the molecule during skin penetration. These findings reported here will allow the development of more sensitive methods to ensure full mass balance recovery of NIA following topical application of NIA preparations. ObjectifMethodesEtudier et elucider la formation de sous-produits du niacinamide (NIA) pendant les etudes de permeation cutanee in vitro en utilisant la chromatographie en phase liquide couplee a l’analyse par spectrometrie de masse (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ou LC-MS). Des etudes de permeation de la peau de porc de diverses formulations de NIA ont ete menees a l’aide de cellules de diffusion de Franz pendant 24 heures. Les sous-produits du NIA ont ete identifies par LC, extraits et analyses de facon plus approfondie sur le plan qualitatif par LC-MS. ResultatsConclusionL’analyse et la caracterisation des sous-produits du NIA a l’aide de la LC-MS ont permis d’identifier differentes entites moleculaires ayant des structures similaires au NIA. L’espece moleculaire la plus repandue dans cette etude etait le 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxamide avec la plus grande abondance d’ions. D’autres analogues structuraux du NIA ont egalement ete identifies et signales, a savoir la piperidine-3-carboxamide et le 1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide. Sans contact avec la peau, aucun de ces derives du NIA n’a ete detecte dans les etudes de stabilite du NIA dans le milieu utilise comme phase receptrice, (tampon phosphate salin – PBS). La recuperation relativement faible du NIA a la suite d’etudes in vitro de bilan massique et de permeation pour le dosage pseudo-fini et fini de l’actif par rapport au dosage infini est attribuee a la derivatisation chimique de la molecule lors de la penetration cutanee. Les resultats presentes ici permettront de mettre au point des methodes plus sensibles pour assurer la recuperation complete du bilan massique du NIA a la suite de l’application topique des preparations de NIA.
Synthetic Route of 2403-88-5, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 2403-88-5 is helpful to your research.
Reference:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
,Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem