In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 177-11-7, name is 1,4-Dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane, introducing its new discovery. Quality Control of: 1,4-Dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane
Secondary and tertiary amides are formed in high yields, in an efficient and environmentally benign titanium(IV) isopropoxide catalyzed direct amidation of carboxylic acids with primary and secondary amines. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ? New York.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 177-11-7 is helpful to your research. Quality Control of: 1,4-Dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane
Reference：
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H7488N – PubChem