In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 34595-26-1, name is 2-(Piperidin-1-yl)benzaldehyde, introducing its new discovery. Product Details of 34595-26-1
Conditions were found for the [1,5]-hydride shift nitro-Mannich reaction that led to the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted tetrahydroquinolines. Two simple cyclic amine substrates gave diastereomerically pure rearranged products in 65 and 90% yields by refluxing in HFIP. A more general procedure used Gd(OTf)3 as a catalyst and successfully rearranged other cyclic and acyclic amines in 42?84% yield with diastereomeric ratios of 75:25 to >95:5 in favour of the anti-diastereoisomer (9 examples). Two examples of sulphur containing heterocycles gave lower yields of 9 and 25%. Electron withdrawing substituents were shown to have a deleterious effect on the success of the reaction. The results indicated the limitation of the [1,5]-hydride shift nitro-Mannich reaction with respect to the stability of the intermediate iminium ion.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 34595-26-1 is helpful to your research. Product Details of 34595-26-1
Reference：
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H11576N – PubChem