In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 138163-08-3, name is Benzyl 4-formylpiperidine-1-carboxylate, introducing its new discovery. name: Benzyl 4-formylpiperidine-1-carboxylate
The synthesis of gem-difluorinated beta-lactams and gem-difluorinated beta-amino acids, each possessing a potential basic functional group, from ethyl bromodifluoroacetate and either imines (for beta-lactams) or N-(alpha-aminoalkyl)benzotriazoles (for beta-amino esters) was investigated. A series of these compounds were used for the design of novel metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitors. N-Alkylation and N-acylation of these two versatile scaffolds were carried out, leading to the expected targets in moderate to good yields. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 138163-08-3 is helpful to your research. name: Benzyl 4-formylpiperidine-1-carboxylate
Reference：
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H20509N – PubChem