High Concentrations of Pharmaceuticals in a Nigerian River Catchment was written by Ogunbanwo, Olatayo M.;Kay, Paul;Boxall, Alistair B.;Wilkinson, John;Sinclair, Chris J.;Shabi, Rasheed A.;Fasasi, Abolaji E.;Lewis, Gregory A.;Amoda, Olanrewaju A.;Brown, Lee E.. And the article was included in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in 2022.Formula: C32H39NO4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Pharmaceutical contamination of the environment is recognized as a global problem although most research has focused on Europe and North America to date, and there remains a dearth of information for developing countries, including those in Africa. To address this data gap, the occurrence of 37 pharmaceuticals belonging to 19 therapeutic classes was monitored in surface water and effluents in Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria. Samples were collected quarterly between Apr. 2017 and March 2018 from 22 sites, and 26 compounds were detected at least once, many in the μg/L range. Maximum concentrations for those compounds detected ranged from 75 to 129 μg L-1, and even mean concentrations for 13 compounds were in the order of μg L-1. These values are among the highest ever measured globally. Sewage effluent was more important than drug manufacturing waste in polluting rivers, although there are likely to be numerous unregulated sources of effluent being discharged to rivers that require further study, including urban waste collection areas and vacuum trucks that collect effluent. Seasonal trends in the data were complex, with some compounds being found at higher concentrations in the dry season and, conversely, others being greater during the wet period; this variation potentially relates to the variety of pollution sources in the catchment. Pharmaceuticals are indispensable to human health, although their usage and discharge into the aquatic environment may lead to ecol. problems and antibiotic resistance. The data we present indicate that pharmaceutical pollution of freshwaters is a serious issue in Nigeria, and management efforts are needed to improve this problem. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(4-(1-Hydroxy-4-(4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)piperidin-1-yl)butyl)phenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid (cas: 83799-24-0Formula: C32H39NO4).
2-(4-(1-Hydroxy-4-(4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)piperidin-1-yl)butyl)phenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid (cas: 83799-24-0) belongs to piperidine derivatives. The piperidine structural motif is present in numerous natural alkaloids. These include piperine, which gives black pepper its spicy taste. Fluorinated piperidines are also the subject of continued interest in medicinal chemistry, for example in the synthesis of selective dipeptidyl peptidase II (DPP II) inhibitors. Piperidine derivatives are also used in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and many degradation reactions.Formula: C32H39NO4
Referemce:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem