The use of the mannitol test as an outcome measure in asthma intervention studies: a review and practical recommendations was written by Sverrild, Asger;Leadbetter, Joanna;Porsbjerg, Celeste. And the article was included in Respiratory Research in 2021.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-(1-Hydroxy-4-(4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)piperidin-1-yl)butyl)phenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Meta-anal. of mannitol test is an indirect bronchial challenge test widely used in diagnosing asthma. Response to the mannitol test correlates with the level of eosinophilic and mast cell airway inflammation, and a pos. mannitol test is highly predictive of a response to anti-inflammatory treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. The response to mannitol is a physiol. biomarker that may, therefore, be used to assess the response to other anti-inflammatory treatments and may be of particular interest in early phase studies that require surrogate markers to predict a clin. response. The main objectives of this review were to assess the practical aspects of using mannitol as an endpoint in clin. trials and provide the clin. researcher and respiratory physician with recommendations when designing early clin. trials. The aim of this review was to summarise previous uses of the mannitol test as an outcome measure in clin. intervention studies. The PubMed database was searched using a combination of MeSH and keywords. Eligible studies included intervention or repeatability studies using the standard mannitol test, at multiple timepoints, reporting the use of PD15 as a measure, and published in English. Of the 193 papers identified, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and data from these are discussed in detail. Data on the mode of action, correlation with airway inflammation, its diagnostic properties, and repeatability have been summarised, and suggestions for the reporting of test results provided. Worked examples of power calculations for dimensioning study populations are presented for different types of study designs. Finally, interpretation and reporting of the change in the response to the mannitol test are discussed. The mechanistic and practical features of the mannitol test make it a useful marker of disease, not only in clin. diagnoses, but also as an outcome measure in intervention trials. Measuring airway hyperresponsiveness to mannitol provides a novel and reproducible test for assessing efficacy in intervention trials, and importantly, utilizes a test that links directly to underlying drivers of disease. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-(4-(1-Hydroxy-4-(4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)piperidin-1-yl)butyl)phenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid (cas: 83799-24-0Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-(1-Hydroxy-4-(4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)piperidin-1-yl)butyl)phenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid).
2-(4-(1-Hydroxy-4-(4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)piperidin-1-yl)butyl)phenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid (cas: 83799-24-0) belongs to piperidine derivatives. Piperidine is a metabolite of cadaverine, a polyamine found in the human intestine. Industrially, piperidine is produced by the hydrogenation of pyridine, usually over a molybdenum disulfide catalyst. Pyridine can also be reduced to piperidine via a modified Birch reduction using sodium in ethanol.Application In Synthesis of 2-(4-(1-Hydroxy-4-(4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)piperidin-1-yl)butyl)phenyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid
Referemce:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem