Month: October 2022

The author of 《Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Phenothiazine Antipsychotics: A Feasibility Study》 were Movsisyan, Marine; De Coen, Laurens M.; Heugebaert, Thomas S. A.; Verlee, Arno; Roman, Bart I.; Stevens, Christian V.. And the article was published in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2019. Safety of 2-(Piperidin-4-yl)ethanol The author mentioned the following in the article:

The continuous flow synthesis of a model phenothiazine I antipsychotic was reported, using 3-chloropropionyl chloride as a central building block. The basic phenothiazine-derived scaffold was (atom)-efficiently and mildly synthesized with the aim to present continuous flow technol. as a contributor to fast and efficient synthesis of challenging APIs, which were experiencing supply disruptions and global shortages. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2-(Piperidin-4-yl)ethanol(cas: 622-26-4Safety of 2-(Piperidin-4-yl)ethanol)

2-(Piperidin-4-yl)ethanol(cas: 622-26-4) have been used as an intermediate in the synthetic preparation of cellular-active allosteric inhibitors of FAKSafety of 2-(Piperidin-4-yl)ethanol

Referemce:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem

《Amine-Responsive Disassembly of AuI-CuI Double Salts for Oxidative Carbonylation》 was published in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020. These research results belong to Cao, Yanwei; Yang, Jian-Gong; Deng, Yi; Wang, Shengchun; Liu, Qi; Shen, Chaoren; Lu, Wei; Che, Chi-Ming; Chen, Yong; He, Lin. Application In Synthesis of tert-Butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate The article mentions the following:

A sensitive amine-responsive disassembly of self-assembled AuI-CuI double salts was observed and its use for the synergistic catalysis was enlightened. Study of the disassembly of [Au(NHC)2][CuI2] revealed the contribution of Cu-assisted ligand exchange of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) by amine in [Au(NHC)2]+ and the capacity of [CuI2]- on the oxidative step. By integrating the implicative information coded in the responsive behavior and inherent catalytic functions of d10 metal complexes, a catalyst for the oxidative carbonylation of amines was developed. The advantages of this method were clearly reflected on mild reaction conditions and the significantly expanded scope (51 examples); both primary and steric secondary amines can be employed as substrates. The cooperative reactivity from Au and Cu centers, as an indispensable prerequisite for the excellent catalytic performance, was validated in the synthesis of (un)sym. ureas and carbamates. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of tert-Butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate(cas: 109384-19-2Application In Synthesis of tert-Butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate)

tert-Butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate(cas:109384-19-2) is a 4-hydroxypyridine with a boc protecting group used in the preparation of neurologically active agents and other pharmaceutical compounds.Application In Synthesis of tert-Butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate

Referemce:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem

Luo, Guoshun; Lin, Xin; Li, Zhenbang; Xiao, Maoxu; Li, Xinyu; Zhang, Dayong; Xiang, Hua published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Structure-guided modification of isoxazole-type FXR agonists: Identification of a potent and orally bioavailable FXR modulator》, and you may find the article in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.Name: tert-Butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists are emerging as potential therapeutics for the treatment of various metabolic diseases, as they display multiple effects on bile acid, lipid, and glucose homeostasis. Although the steroidal obeticholic acid, a full FXR agonist, was recently approved, several side effects probably due to insufficient pharmacol. selectivity impede its further clin. application. Activating FXR in a partial manner is therefore crucial in the development of novel FXR modulators. Our efforts focusing on isoxazole-type FXR agonists, common nonsteroidal agonists for FXR, led to the discovery a series of novel FXR agonists bearing aryl urea moieties through structural simplification of LJN452 (phase 2). Encouragingly, compound I was discovered as a potent FXR agonist which exhibited similar FXR agonism potency but lower maximum efficacy compared to full agonists GW4064 and LJN452 in cell-based FXR transactivation assay. Extensive in vitro evaluation further confirmed partial efficacy of I in cellular FXR-dependent gene modulation, and revealed its lipid-reducing activity. More importantly, orally administration of I in mice exhibited desirable pharmacokinetic characters resulting in promising in vivo FXR agonistic activity. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of tert-Butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate(cas: 109384-19-2Name: tert-Butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate)

tert-Butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate(cas:109384-19-2) is a 4-hydroxypyridine with a boc protecting group used in the preparation of neurologically active agents and other pharmaceutical compounds.Name: tert-Butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate

Referemce:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem

Thu, Zaw Min; Sun, Jian; Ji, Jingwen; He, Lili; Ji, Jinbo; Iqbal, Zafar; Myo, Ko Ko; Gao, Yuanyu; Zhai, Lijuan; Mu, Yangxiu; Tang, Dong; Vidari, Giovanni; Yang, Haikang; Yang, Zhixiang published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of new monobactams》, and you may find the article in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters.Application of 87120-72-7 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Monobactams play an important role in antibiotic drug discovery. Based on the structural characteristics of aztreonam and its biol. targets, six new monobactam derivatives were synthesized and their in vitro antibacterial activities were investigated. Some compounds showed higher activities against tested gram-neg. bacteria than that of parent aztreonam. Monobactam I exhibited the most potent activities, with MIC ranging from 0.25 to 2μg/mL against most bacteria. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of tert-Butyl 4-aminopiperidine-1-carboxylate(cas: 87120-72-7Application of 87120-72-7)

tert-Butyl 4-aminopiperidine-1-carboxylate(cas: 87120-72-7) belongs to anime. Many important products require amines as part of their syntheses. Methylamine is utilized in the production of the analgesic meperidine (trade name Demerol) and the photographic developer Metol (trademark), and dimethylamine is used in the synthesis of the antihistamine diphenhydramine (trade name Benadryl), the solvent dimethylformamide (DMF), and the rocket propellant 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. The synthesis of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) incorporates diethylamine while that of the synthetic fibre Kevlar requires aromatic amines.Application of 87120-72-7

Referemce:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem

Peng, Yanhua; Xie, Guansheng; Shao, Penghui; Ren, Wei; Li, Mengling; Hu, Yufeng; Yang, Liming; Shi, Hui; Luo, Xubiao published their research in Applied Catalysis, B: Environmental on August 5 ,2022. The article was titled 《A comparison of SMX degradation by persulfate activated with different nanocarbons: Kinetics, transformation pathways, and toxicity》.Safety of Triacetonamine The article contains the following contents:

Nanocarbon-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are widely used in wastewater purification However, the properties of different carbon catalysts lead to differences in the organic degradation mechanism and toxicity of wastewater treatment. Herein, this study provides insight into the differences between the oxidation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by carbon nanotube (CNT)/peroxymonosulfate (PMS), nanodiamond (ND)/PMS and PMS-alone systems. The pseudo-first-order reaction constant of the reaction of the SO4·–dominated CNT/PMS system with SMX is 19-fold and 30-fold higher than those of the 1O2-dominated ND/PMS system and PMS direct oxidation system at pH= 7, resp. In addition, d. functional theory (DFT) calculations and product anal. show that SO4·- mainly attacks the aniline and sulfonyl groups, while oxidation of the aniline group is the dominant mode of PMS direct oxidation and 1O2 reactivity. The formation of nitro and nitroso byproducts after SMX degradation determines the toxicity difference, and the CNT/PMS system is even more advantageous. In the experiment, the researchers used Triacetonamine(cas: 826-36-8Safety of Triacetonamine)

Triacetonamine(cas: 826-36-8) is a member of piperidine. Piperidine is a key saturated heterocyclic scaffold found in several of the top-selling small molecule pharmaceuticals and natural alkaloids, with a diverse range of biological activities. Hence, continuous efforts have been made to develop convenient methods to prepare piperidine derivatives.Safety of Triacetonamine

Referemce:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem

Witt, Anette; Gustavsson, Annika; Bergman, Jan published their research in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry on February 28 ,2003. The article was titled 《Studies towards the synthesis of the benzodiazepine alkaloid auranthine. Synthesis of an acetylated derivative》.Category: piperidines The article contains the following contents:

Different approaches towards the synthesis of auranthine have been investigated. A completed synthesis of 3-[2-(4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-quinazolin-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]-diazepine-2,5-dione I, an auranthine precursor, which after dehydration with 50% propylphosphonic acid anhydride solution in Et acetate and DMA gave a C-acetyl derivative of auranthine. Addnl. studies towards the synthesis of fused quinazolinones yielded the C-acetylated pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolinones or butyric acid derivatives In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Benzyl (2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamate(cas: 24666-55-5Category: piperidines)

Benzyl (2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)carbamate(cas: 24666-55-5) belongs to anime. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxy acids generally add an oxygen atom to the nitrogen of amines. With primary amines, this step is normally followed by further oxidation, leading to nitroso compounds, RNO, or nitro compounds, RNO2. Secondary amines are converted to hydroxylamines, R2NOH, and tertiary amines to amine oxides, R3NO.Category: piperidines

Referemce:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem

In 2014,Rzasa, Robert M.; Frohn, Michael J.; Andrews, Kristin L.; Chmait, Samer; Chen, Ning; Clarine, Jeffrey G.; Davis, Carl; Eastwood, Heather A.; Horne, Daniel B.; Hu, Essa; Jones, Adrie D.; Kaller, Matthew R.; Kunz, Roxanne K.; Miller, Silke; Monenschein, Holger; Nguyen, Thomas; Pickrell, Alexander J.; Porter, Amy; Reichelt, Andreas; Zhao, Xiaoning; Treanor, James J. S.; Allen, Jennifer R. published 《Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of potent and selective 2-(3-alkoxy-1-azetidinyl) quinolines as novel PDE10A inhibitors with improved solubility》.Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry published the findings.Formula: C7H15NO The information in the text is summarized as follows:

We report the discovery of a novel series of 2-(3-alkoxy-1-azetidinyl) quinolines as potent and selective PDE10A inhibitors. Structure-activity studies improved the solubility (pH 7.4) and maintained high PDE10A activity compared to initial lead compound 3, with select compounds demonstrating good oral bioavailability. X-ray crystallog. studies revealed two distinct binding modes to the catalytic site of the PDE10A enzyme. An ex vivo receptor occupancy assay in rats demonstrated that this series of compounds covered the target within the striatum. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2-(Piperidin-4-yl)ethanol(cas: 622-26-4Formula: C7H15NO)

2-(Piperidin-4-yl)ethanol(cas: 622-26-4) can be used to synthese ursolic acid derivatives, spiroimidazolidinone NPC1L1 inhibitors, neurokinin-2 receptor antagonists, antagonists for inhibition of platelet aggregation.Formula: C7H15NO

Referemce:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem

In 2019,ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces included an article by Yan, Xiaoming; Zhang, Huaqing; Hu, Zhongyue; Li, Lv; Hu, Lei; Li, Zhi’ang; Gao, Li; Dai, Yan; Jian, Xigao; He, Gaohong. Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-4-piperidone. The article was titled 《Amphoteric-Side-Chain-Functionalized “”Ether-Free”” Poly(arylene piperidinium) Membrane for Advanced Redox Flow Battery》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

To solve the stability issue of cost-effective non-fluorinated membranes, a ether-free poly(arylene piperidinium) (PBPip) based membrane is 1st applied in redox flow batteries (RFBs). For improved efficiencies of RFB, amphoteric side chains are introduced onto the PBPip. Without ether bond in the polymer backbone, the membrane shows a good stability in the strong oxidation environment. The FTIR spectra exhibit no obvious changes for 30 days of oxidation test. Different from traditional blended amphoteric membranes, the amphoteric side chain allows that cation and anion exchange capacities both increase with grafting degree, which leads to a very high total IEC (4.19 mmol/g). Outstanding ion conduction ability (area resistance: 0.22 Ω cm2) comparable to Nafion 212 (0.24 Ω cm2) is consequently achieved. Ionic crosslinking structure between cationic and anionic groups results in low swelling rate (13.9%). Combining with repelling effect of pos. charged piperidinium, a low VO2+ permeability (1.31×10-8 cm2/s) is accomplished. From these good properties, the membrane exhibits excellent vanadium battery performances, especially at high current densities. The WE and EE both exceeds 80% even at 200 mA/cm2. The battery performances have no obvious reductions after 500 cycles. This work provides a new orientation to design the membrane for RFB. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Methyl-4-piperidone(cas: 1445-73-4Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-4-piperidone)

1-Methyl-4-piperidone(cas: 1445-73-4) is a member of piperidine. Piperidine is a key saturated heterocyclic scaffold found in several of the top-selling small molecule pharmaceuticals and natural alkaloids, with a diverse range of biological activities. Hence, continuous efforts have been made to develop convenient methods to prepare piperidine derivatives.Application In Synthesis of 1-Methyl-4-piperidone

Referemce:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem

The author of 《Preclinical efficacy of a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, CMG002, alone and in combination with sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma》 were Kim, Mi Na; Lee, Seung Min; Kim, Jin Sung; Hwang, Seong Gyu. And the article was published in Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology in 2019. Synthetic Route of C10H20N2O2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Sorafenib has been the only first systemic drug that improves survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, because the response rate of sorafenib is relatively low, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to improve survival in patients with HCC. This study investigated the effect of CMG002 alone and in combination with sorafenib on HCC in vitro and vivo. The effect of a newly developed dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, CMG002, on the proliferation of Huh-7 and HepG2 HCC cells was investigated using the MTT assay. Western blotting was performed to assess phosphorylation of the key enzymes in the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. HepG2 cells were inoculated into mice, which were treated with vehicle, sorafenib, CMG002, and their combinations. Tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis were evaluated by immunohistochem. anal. of Ki-67 and CD31, resp. Tumor cell apoptosis was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Levels of key enzymes in the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways were evaluated by western blot anal. The combination of sorafenib and CMG002 additively inhibited Huh-7 and HepG2 cell proliferation compared to single-agent treatment. Sorafenib and CMG002 as single agents differentially inhibited or activated key enzymes in the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. The combination of sorafenib and CMG002 inhibited all key enzymes in the two pathways. Treatment with CMG002 for 4 wk alone and in combination with sorafenib strongly inhibited tumor growth. CMG002 inhibited HCC cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and decreased tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, these effects were enhanced when CMG002 was combined with sorafenib. The combination of CMG002 and sorafenib significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by inhibiting the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. These findings suggest that CMG002 to be a potential novel candidate treatment for HCC. After reading the article, we found that the author used tert-Butyl 4-aminopiperidine-1-carboxylate(cas: 87120-72-7Synthetic Route of C10H20N2O2)

tert-Butyl 4-aminopiperidine-1-carboxylate(cas: 87120-72-7) belongs to anime. Primary amines having a tertiary alkyl group (R3CNH2) are difficult to prepare with most methods but are made industrially by the Ritter reaction. In this method a tertiary alcohol reacts with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of a concentrated strong acid; a formamide, RNH―CHO, is formed first, which then undergoes hydrolysis.Synthetic Route of C10H20N2O2

Referemce:
Piperidine – Wikipedia,
Piperidine | C5H11N – PubChem